Seznam abstraktů 2018: SEKCE F - EKONOMIKA A ŘÍZENÍ METALURGICKÉ VÝROBY
Datum: 23.5.2018
The macroeconomic situation on the steel market has a large impact on the functioning of enterprises producing steel and steel-based products. Currently, the global steel production increases in 2017 about 5.3% over 2016. The absolute leader in steel production is China (about 49% of global production), besides countries of the European Union, Japan, India and USA. Steel is mainly used in buildings and infrastructure, mechanical equipment and automotive. An overproduction is the biggest problem in the steel industry, which may affect the price level. Recently a protectionism is a new threat which has appeared on the steel market.
Furthermore the philosophy of functioning of modern enterprises also has changed after the recent economic crisis. There is a growing need for new methods and tools to support business management. Also, a new concept of the Industry 4.0 has attracted more and more attention all around the world, whose main goal is to increase the competitive advantage of the enterprise. The assumptions of this concept are related to the development of the Internet of Things, cloud technology and big data. It offers great opportunities, but it is also a big and difficult challenge.
The purpose of the article is to identify the most important challenges that have the greatest impact on the management of enterprise in steel industry and future perspectives. Particular attention was paid to the methods which increase the enterprise efficiency and effectiveness. Also, the main benefits and threats resulting from the introduction of the Industry 4.0 concept are identified.
The article describes a case study of internal transport solutions for persons of executive managers, dispatchers, maintenance staff, referents in the company spread over large premises of technological facilities, warehouses, administrative buildings, managerial centers, transport routes / metallurgical complex, chemical factory /, where passenger cars are needed for staying and communicating. The solution can be to assign them to personal service, which often leads to inefficient use for capacitive and economic reasons. The headquarters system of the internal taxi service on the basis of detailed frequency, performance and time analysis and analysis of shipments between individual objects can be more economical and more efficient solutions, especially for large industrial enterprises.
The paper deals with attributes control charts, especially with the control charts for fraction nonconforming, and their use in retrospective analysis of a process. Several forms of these charts are applied. The case study concerns the occurrence of defects, especially the deformations on hot-rolled wire manufactured on the wire rod mill at Arcelor Mittal Ostrava a.s. Number of wire rolls with defects is of interest. P-charts are used to identify subgroups with an inflated fraction nonconforming that could distort results of evaluating differences in fraction nonconforming between steel grades, rolling temperatures, wire diameters. In addition, it is shown how to modify the traditional p-chart in the case when a substantial part of the points fall outside control limits limits due to large subgroup sizes.
To reduce production cost of steel products, it is necessary to control quality stabilization for preventing nonconformance of material properties. For quality control, the high precision prediction technology of material properties has been developed to enable prediction of the full-length and full-width material properties. A locally weighted regression model with dimension reduction has been newly proposed and introduced into the conventional coupled model which consists of a just-in-time statistical model and a metallurgical microstructure model. In the proposed model, the data are projected from the input variable space to a dimension reduction space by a feature extraction method and a regression model with a local weighted method is created from the data near a query point in the projection space. It can properly fit complex process data which have non-linear and co-linear characteristics by mutual complement of these methods. As the result of introducing the proposed model, the standard deviation of an estimated error of tensile strength (TS) has decreased remarkably, therefore the target of the estimated accuracy for practical operation has been achieved. The new model has enabled to increase ratio of keeping the material properties within the allowable limits. Hereafter, practical operation by the developed technology has been promoted.
Industry vision 4.0 also includes a digital factory. Its core is based on the ideas of cyber-physics systems, models using all available modelling methods, artificial intelligence that includes fuzzy systems, artificial neural networks, expert systems, atc.
This concept is also beneficial to the metallurgical industry, where many systems have been developed, although not under the industry conception 4.0, in the past. The article aims to show how the ideas of Industry 4.0 can be used in the blast furnace batch preparation, i.e. in the agglomeration plant.
The fundamental role of data analytics in the era of Industry 4.0 is characterized. The main types of data-driven advanced models, including learning systems, are presented. Potential applications in process control and fault diagnosis in metal industry are reviewed. Examples related to metal casting processes, based on the authors’ expertise are presented. Potential chances and threads of intelligent data analytics in metal industry are discussed.
Digital platforms are becoming the dominant business model in many industries. Platforms are a foundation for new value creation. Metal companies are planning and implementing new solutions although managers struggle to determine their monetary impact. Most of these initiatives generate both expenses and benefits differently to “traditional” business models. In this paper I describe some of the ratios that should be used in preparing companies for the introduction of platforms and new business models.
The thesis deals with the control of setting the position of the welding head on the line welded tubes with spiral weld. The industrial line is located in the premises of large metallurgical company in Silesian region. It is able to produce tubes in the diameter range from 323.9mm to 820mm. The tubes are manufactured according to the world standards (ISO, EN, API, DIN, ASTM, NF, BS, GOST, ČSN, etc.). However, the position of the welding head is missing on the line.
Management of metal and fossil fuels resources is one of the goals of the electromobility development. The aim of this study was to evaluate cumulative metal demand in battery electric vehicles based on life cycle assessment. Metal and mineral demand covered the whole life cycle with a special focus on the electric vehicle batteries. Previous papers focused primarily on one category of environmental impact - greenhouse gases emission from electric vehicles with the Well To Wheel method. In the paper authors presented literature review of various batteries used in EV. The paper presented results of enviromnetal life cycle impact assessment for a lithium-ion battery use for mechanical drive of an electrical vehicle. Analysis included the production of a lithium ion battery and a battery management system. The results showed that reuse of vehicle batteries will significantly reduce the environmental burden of electric vehicles.
The article describes and analyzes specific approaches to calculation of life cycle costing (LCC) as a part of Life-cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). LCCA is an approach to assessment the most cost-effective alternative in comparison to other alternatives when each of them is equally suited from a technical point of view. LCC includes the analysis of the cost over entire life of product (castings). It is be described several specific approaches to calculation of life cycle costing and the differences between them are analyzed. The attention is paid especially to answering the question of what types of cost included in specific models are differ. Typical including costs are acquisition costs, design and development costs, cost of repairs, spares and failures, downtime cost, cost involved by loss of production, cost of maintenance and disposal costs. Differences are shown on the examples. At the end, an overview of the use of individual approaches is provided.
The paper describes a case study of the Activity-Based Costing application in a selected metallurgical enterprise which operates heat treatment processes of metallic materials. Activity-Based Costing principle is different from the traditional approach of costing methods because it allocates consumed resources to particular activities in order to achieve distribution of overheads according to real causality of their origin. These activities consume resources and on the other hand, they themselves are consumed by cost objects. Analysis of the activities defines cost drivers, which allow to express a causal relation among consumed resources and cost objects. Activity-Based Costing assumes that the cause of costs is activities, not directly products. The goal of this paper is case study of Activity-Based Costing application for costs evaluation in the case of a specific heat treatment process.
Nowadays sustainability plays a crucial role in managing the companies. Metal industry organizations implement a variety of innovations paying special attention to sustainability, both in production and materials area. Continuous improvements in sustainability are challenging both technologically and in terms of management. In this paper sustainable innovation process management is described and evaluated. The period of analysis includes years 2010-2017.
Datum: 24.5.2018
Quality management tools are instruments that enable collecting and processing data on events and processes taking place in the organization, related to various aspects of quality management. The most important group of tools is called Seven Basic Tools of Quality, Magnificant Seven or 7 QC Tools. They are called basic because they are suitable for people with little formal training in statistics and they can be used to solve the vast majority of quality-related issues. They allow to easily analyze the quality of chosen products. They also allow for data visualization, monitoring and diagnosis of processes. Thanks to them, an enterprise can check the effectiveness of the actions taken and decisions made. In the paper the quality analysis of the steel bars was presented. The data comes from the steelwork in Poland (its rolling mill). Pareto chart and Ishikawa diagram were chosen for this analysis. The Ishikawa diagram allowed to group the causes of nonconformities of the steel bars, while the Pareto chart allowed to indicate which of these causes contribute to the formation of the largest number of nonconformities. The main result will be the indication of the most frequent causes of nonconformities of the steel bars and their analysis, which should reduce the amount of nonconforming products produced in the research object. The results can be used both by the research rolling mill and other rolling mills producing similar products. However, the research methodology can be an indication for other companies how to analyze the causes of nonconformities.
The article deals with quality power grids in metallurgical industry. Nowadays the power grids are loaded by non-linear loads which cause distortion of voltage and current track. Thanks to this distortion the power grids are overloaded and its efficiency decrease. The expensive adjustments of power grids are necessary. This adjustments increase claims on investments and maintenance. In the article is described developed analytic system that is able detect and measure this distortion. Based on measured values the power grid in the factory can be analyzed and the improvement can be proposed.
The paper presents the main findings indicating relevant technologies for the development of the sector of production and material processing in Śląskie Region. The findings are results of analysis carried out by the observatory of material technologies operating within the framework of a network of specialist regional observatories in the region. According to the adopted assumptions, the analyses included technologies used in the region for the production and processing of: metallic materials, ceramics and plastic materials. The findings are crucial for rationalising the public support from the Regional Operational Programme (ROP) for the companies. According to european policy the entities receiving support should implement regional smart specialisation. In Śląskie region smart specialisations are complemented by technology areas indicated in technology development program for the years 2010-2020. The technologies in the area of production and material processing were analysed using two criteria: interconnections between technologies used in the region and the opportunity to create new products of the region.
Current situation on the Czech labor market complicates management of employee performance from many reasons. First of all it is the absolute lack of qualified work power, secondly inefficient relations between appraisal and remuneration systems and last but not least too complicated employee appraisal systems.
The paper presents outputs of more than five year authors own surveys among metallurgical companies located in the Czech Republic, supplemented by outputs of surveys published by renowned HR professionals and counselling companies. Aim of the paper is to highlight the most common weaknesses of HR performance management approaches in the Czech metallurgical companies to help them to focus on the weaknesses and threats, to reduce or eliminate them and obtain higher labor productivity.
Expression of economic, technical and technological processes using models is based on the choice of such facts as can be expressed by means of mathematical resources to the extent that they provide us with an appropriate opportunity to easier description or anticipation of changes. There may be situations where functional expression is not possible or can be called up very complicated mathematical relationships, that their explicit solution is not possible. Then we test certain numerical approximations, or we can try simulation of the given processes elements. The simulation procedure is used in a situation where, when we can not properly handle analytical expressions.
The article will deal with the simulation procedure that will be applied to selected process of metallurgical production.
This article deals with the waste in expeditionary processes of a metallurgical enterprise. The expedition processes of the metallurgical company are characterized by the high complexity that results from wide product portfolio, considerable size of products and the ever-increasing complexity of individual orders. Expedition centers of metallurgical enterprises are historically adapted to rail transport, instead of the currently prevailing road transport, and during the development there was not implemented a continuous improvement system that would allow them to adapt effectively to changing conditions. The aim of the article is to map and analyze the causes of waste in the expeditionary processes of metallurgical enterprises and to present possible approaches to their elimination, which will lead to streamlining of expedition planning, efficient storage of products in the warehouse and to shortening the loading time.
Over the last decade, sustainable development is a key strategy used by global leaders in all industries. The implementation of this strategy is regularly published through sustainability reports. The subject of the study is to analyse the preferences of the topics of sustainable development of the leading metallurgical producers. The aim is to identify those areas considered by the leaders of the metallurgical industry to be the most important for their long-term sustainable development.
In the European Union (EU) serious discussion about granting market economy status (MES) to China for the purposes of trade defence investigations arose in 2016 and the WTO Panel is currently settling this dispute between China and the EU. As the steel sector is very often the target of anti-dumping investigations, firstly, the paper is focused on the analysis of changes in the development of the Chinese, EU and Czech steel production and trade in the period 2001−2016. Secondly, it explores the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) in the steel sector of China and Czechia and compares them. The research methods included the analysis of statistical data about steel production and trade and in order to find out the export competitiveness in the steel sector, the RCA index was used. The analysis confirmed that China had significantly increased its market share in the steel sector even without MES. Although China had recorded fewer steel products with RCA than Czechia, its steel trade was in surpluses and its world market share had increased. China’s competitiveness in the steel sector is probably influenced by some non-market factors. Thus, granting MES to China would support the Chinese steel exports to the EU market and have a negative impact on the Czech steel producers. The results of the analysis are discussed and graphically presented.